We have tried to make nano-structure controlled brand-new polymer materials with various high properties and functionals based on polymer chemistry, which includes polymer synthesis, elucidation of structure-properties relationship. Followings are some examples. (1) In situ structure analysis under external stimuli of crystalline and amorphous polymers, and elastomers using synchrotron X-ray scattering/diffraction measurement, birefringence measurement, and infrared spectroscopy, (2) mechanical and fatigue properties of single lap-joints of adhesive, (3) preparation of toughened polymers, (4) quantitative evaluation of heterogeneous structure of elastomers based on complex network science.